Tax brackets 2021–2022 Australia

Interested in what income tax bracket and rate will apply for you this financial year? Tuan Duong, Duo Tax Founder and Principal, explains income tax brackets for 2022.

After the end of the financial year, you can lodge a tax return to the ATO to either get a tax refund – if you have paid more tax than required – or to pay any extra tax that you may be liable for. As long as you’re earning income in Australia or from overseas, you’ll potentially be liable to pay income tax to the Australian Government. So, what is income tax and how much are you required to pay?

What is income tax?

Income tax is a type of tax you pay to the government on the income earned from a job or your investments. It is calculated based on how much you earn within a financial year (1 July to 30 June), and any deductions or offsets you can claim.

If you are an employee, your employer will normally take your income tax out of your pay and send it to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) on your behalf throughout the year. If you are self-employed, you will need to set this money aside and pay it yourself.

Either way, after the end of the financial year you can then lodge a tax return to the ATO to either get a tax refund (if you have paid more tax than required), or to pay any extra tax that you may be liable for.

Why do we pay income tax?

Income tax, like most taxes, is used as a form of revenue generation for governments so that they can reinvest this back into infrastructure, social security payments and public services such as health, education and defence.

Total tax savings for 2022 and 2023

In the federal Budget 2022–23, the Australian Government said it had made “permanent tax cuts of up to $2,565 for individuals” for 2022/23. It also said that through its legislated Personal Income Tax Plan, an estimated $40 billion in tax relief had flowed to households since the start of the pandemic.

To get an idea of what kind of total tax savings taxpayers on a range of different incomes could make in 2022/23 (compared to 2018/19), the Australian Government has provided the following breakdown:

$40,000 taxable income: $4,080 saving
$60,000 taxable income: $7,980 saving
$80,000 taxable income: $7,980 saving
$100,000 taxable income: $8,655 saving
$120,000 taxable income: $8,805 saving
$140,000 taxable income: $9,105 saving
$160,000 taxable income: $7,965 saving
$180,000 taxable income: $7,965 saving
$200,000 taxable income: $7,965 saving

These potential savings are indicative estimates for individual taxpayers based on all tax relief measures in the federal Budget for 2022–23, according to government figures. Actual outcomes for individuals and households may differ.

How much income tax do I need to pay? Australian tax brackets and rates 2022

To understand how much tax you may need to pay, you’ll first need to look at the current income tax brackets and rates, as listed on the ATO website. Australia has a ‘progressive’ tax system, which means that the more you earn, the more you’ll need to pay in tax.

Resident individual income tax brackets and rates

Australian residents (i.e. people who are Australian residents for tax purposes) are generally taxed on their worldwide income. Below are the income tax rates and brackets for Australian residents in the 2021/22 financial year.

Resident tax rates 2021/22

Total taxable income	Tax rate
$0 – $18,200	No tax
$18,201 – $45,000	19c for each $1 over $18,200
$45,001 – $120,000	$5,092 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $45,000
$120,001 – $180,000	$29,467 plus 37c for each $1 over $120,000
$180,001 and over	$51,667 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000

Source: ATO, June 2022.

Based on the Australian resident income tax rates above, if Joe, a hypothetical Australian taxpayer, earned $125,000 per year, the tax he would need to pay could be calculated like this:

Taxable income	Tax rate	Tax payable
$18,200	x 0	$0
$26,800 ($37,000 – $18,200)	x 19c	$5,092
$75,000 ($120,000 – $45,000)	x 32.5c	$24,375
$5,000 ($125,000 – $120,000)	x 37c	$1,850
		$31,317

You could also use a simpler equation taken from the ATO’s tax rate table above to calculate your income tax. For example, for Joe, it would be: $29,467 + ($0.37 x $5,000) = $31,317.

You can calculate your income tax manually, like we have done in the examples above, or you can use an online calculator, such as Canstar’s Pay and Tax Calculator or Moneysmart’s Income Tax Calculator.

Calculating the income tax you are required to pay may help you check whether your employer has been withholding the right amount of tax from your pay, or if you’re self-employed it could help you understand how much income tax needs to be put aside from your pay packet.

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Foreign resident individual income tax brackets and rates

To figure out whether you’re a foreign or Australian resident for tax purposes, the ATO has developed a tool that helps you to determine your residency status. According to the ATO, foreign residents for tax purposes are generally taxed only on their Australian-sourced income, such as money they earn working in Australia.

The below 2021/22 tax rates apply to foreign residents earning income for tax purposes in Australia.

Foreign resident tax rates 2021/22

Taxable income	Tax rate and bracket
$0 – $120,000	32.5c for each $1
$120,001 – $180,000	$39,000 plus 37c for each $1 over $120,000
$180,001 and over	$61,200 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000

Source: ATO, June 2022.

Working holiday maker tax brackets and rates

Working holiday makers are individuals who are on the 417 or 462 subclass visas. The ATO said most working holiday makers are generally considered a foreign resident for tax purposes, which means they will only be taxed on income they have earned in Australia.

The below 2021/22 tax rates apply to individuals who are earning income through a working holiday maker visa (under both visa subclasses 417 and 462).

Working holiday maker visa tax rates 2021/22

Taxable income	Tax rate
$0 – $45,000	15c for each $1
$45,001 – $120,000	$6,750 plus 32.5c for each $1 over $45,000
$120,001 – $180,000	$31,125 plus 37c for each $1 over $120,000
$180,001 and over	$53,325 plus 45c for each $1 over $180,000

Source: ATO, June 2022.

Children’s income tax rates

If you are an Australian resident for tax purposes and are under 18 years of age, some of your income may be taxed at a higher rate than an adult, such as income earned from family trusts (a trust that holds your family assets for asset protection and income distribution). However, you pay the same individual income tax rates as an adult if you are an excepted person or earn an excepted income.

For more information on children’s income tax, visit the ATO website.

Paying no income tax: tax-free threshold

The tax-free threshold is the amount of income earned in a financial year that isn’t taxed. For the 2021/ 22 financial year, the tax-free threshold is $18,200. Not all individuals can claim the tax-free threshold (such as working holiday makers), however for those that can, this means that the first $18,200 you earn in a financial year will not be taxed.

Medicare levy and surcharge

On top of paying income tax, most people will also pay a Medicare levy. This levy is charged as part of your yearly income tax assessment and is used to partially fund Medicare. If your taxable income is above a certain threshold, you will have to pay a Medicare levy of 2% of your taxable income, according to the ATO. If your taxable income is below the threshold, your Medicare Levy is reduced. Some Australians might not have to pay the levy at all because their income is below the minimum threshold.

You can find out what Medicare levy you may be required to pay with the ATO’s Medicare Levy Calculator. The ATO said generally the pay as you go tax amount your employer withholds from your salary or wages includes an amount to cover the Medicare levy. Your actual Medicare levy is then calculated by the ATO when you lodge your income tax return.

In addition to the Medicare levy, you may also have to pay the Medicare levy surcharge (MLS) if you don’t have a certain level of private patient hospital cover and earn above $90,000 if you’re single or $180,000 as a family. The MLS is a percentage of your income that will be payable to the ATO when you lodge your tax return.

What income is taxable?

If you are an Australian resident for tax purposes, the income you earn worldwide (Australia and overseas) from the below list that exceeds the tax-free threshold (of $18,200) can be taxed regardless of whether it’s paid in cash, cheque or electronically:

salary and wages
tips and gratuities
interest from bank accounts
work allowances, such as for travel, clothing, laundry and your vehicle
dividends and capital gains from your investments
bonuses
overtime payments
commissions
pensions
rent.

What income is not taxable?

While the majority of income earned above the tax-free threshold (of $18,200) is generally taxable, there is a small group of payments (predominantly government payments) that is non-taxable. Some examples could include:

certain government pensions, such as the disability support pension
certain government allowances, such as the carer allowance and child care subsidy
certain overseas payments and allowances for Australian Defence Force and Federal Police employees
government education payments for students under 16 years of age
certain scholarships, grants or awards
payments received from an insurance policy payout where the policy is under your name and are not earned, expected, relied upon or occur regularly, such as mortgage protection, terminal illness or permanent injury suffered at work
rewards or gifts for special occasions, like birthday presents
prizes won on game shows or lottery winnings
child support and spouse maintenance payments
government super co-contributions.

How to reduce your taxable income

There are several ways you can potentially reduce the amount of income tax you pay each financial year, such as through claiming tax deductions or certain tax offsets that you may be eligible for, or choosing to salary package (salary sacrifice) your earnings.

1. Tax deductions

Tax deductions are claims that are made, usually in the form of a related expense, to help you reduce your taxable income. Tax deductions can range from work-related expenses to investment-related expenses, which may help to offset any income earned from your job or investment assets. For example, depending on your circumstances you may be able to claim on laundry and self-education costs related to earning your income or on depreciation for your investment property to lower your taxable income.

Tax depreciation is a type of tax deduction claimed on the natural wear and tear of an asset that produces income for you, such as a rental property.

To further explain how tax deductions can be used to reduce your taxable income, let’s use a hypothetical example.

Joe earns $125,000 (his assessable income) in the 2021/22 financial year from his job and rental investment property. During that year, he incurs the following costs which he found he can claim as deductions on his tax return:

$500 on laundry costs (he wears a uniform for his work)
$1,500 on a course related to his job
$7,500 on tax depreciation expenses for his rental property
$9,000 in interest on his home loan.

Taking the total of these deductions ($500 + $1,500 + $7,500 + $9,000 = $18,500) from his assessable income, you can get his taxable income: $125,000 – $18,500 = $106,500

Now with his taxable income, Joe can then work out how much tax he is required to pay using the income tax rates for an Australian resident:

Taxable income	Tax rate	Tax payable
$18,200	x 0	$0
$26,800 ($45,000 – $18,200)	x 19c	$5,092
$69,500 ($106,500 – $37,000)	x 32.5c	$22,587.50
		$27,679.50

This means that Joe’s total income tax for the year, with deductions included, would be $27,679.50.

Now let’s work out what Joe’s tax payable would be if he hadn’t claimed these deductions. As there are no deductions to subtract, his taxable income is $125,000, the same as his assessable income of $125,000. As he is still in the $120,000 to $180,000 marginal tax bracket, the calculations apply as per the earlier examples above. Therefore Joe’s total tax payable without deductions would be $31,317.

Comparing the two scenarios, we can see that Joe’s tax payable has been reduced by $3,637.50 by claiming deductions.

Bear in mind that it’s important to only claim tax deductions you’re legally entitled to. Generally speaking, the expenses have to be related to your work or the income you earn during the year. It could be worth speaking to a qualified accountant or tax adviser for assistance.

2. Tax offsets

Tax offsets, also known as tax rebates, can also be used to reduce your taxable income if you meet certain eligibility requirements. They are applied after the tax has been calculated. Common tax offsets may include those for:

low-income and middle-income earners
taxpayers who are supporting an invalid relative
pensioners and seniors
the taxable portion of your income from superannuation.

You may also be eligible for a private health insurance rebate or tax offset if you have a complying policy.

3. Salary packaging

Salary packaging (also known as salary sacrificing) is when you arrange to receive less income after tax, in return for your employer paying for you to receive benefits out of your pre-tax salary. These benefits may go towards car payments or your superannuation, for example. If you reduce your salary in this way, you will also be reducing your taxable income, which could lead to you paying less tax overall.

Key takeaways

While earning more money will essentially mean you pay a higher tax bill, there are ways you can potentially reduce your taxable income each year, such as those listed above. However, as the rules surrounding tax deductions and offsets can be complex, it may be worth considering getting professional tax advice from an experienced accountant to help you legally minimise your tax liability.

If you knowingly claim a tax deduction or offset that you are not entitled to, or provide false or misleading information in your tax return, the ATO said you may face serious consequences, including a penalty, criminal conviction, fine and prison sentence.

You can find further information regarding income tax, and the current income tax rates, through the ATO and Moneysmart websites.

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Cover image source: RomanR/Shutterstock.com.

About Tuan Duong

Tuan is the Principal and Founder of Duo Tax Quantity Surveyors. His passion is to educate property investors in the power of tax depreciation and the benefits it can offer in helping them minimise their tax liability. Tuan is also a professional member of the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors and is a Registered Tax Agent, authorised to offer advice on all matters related to depreciation.