Income Protection Insurance Background

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What is income protection insurance?

Income protection insurance could pay you a benefit if you are temporarily unable to work for a period of time because of illness, injury, or if you become partially or totally disabled.

Typically, the amount of money you could receive is set as a certain portion of your income and is paid on a regular basis until you can return to work, until you reach a certain age or for the agreed period under your policy – whichever is sooner.

These types of policies typically cover someone when other mechanisms, such as Workers’ Compensation, do not apply.

Income protection insurance is not to be confused with redundancy insurance, which offers limited financial protection in the case of involuntary redundancy.

You can use the Canstar website to compare income protection insurance that is available direct from an insurer. Other options include taking out a policy through a financial adviser or within your super.

How does income protection insurance work?

Income protection insurance could provide financial backup if you experience a temporary reduction to your usual pay, providing your claim meets your policy’s conditions.

For example, what if you have an accident at home that injures you to a degree that you will be off work for a significant period of time, but – thankfully – you are expected to eventually recover and be able to go back to work? As an income protection insurance policyholder, you would contact your insurer to notify them of your injury and to make a claim.

Depending on your policy, you would typically have to be off work for a period of time, called the “waiting period”, before the payments would start. If your insurer approves your claim, as an injured worker you would then receive the payments until you can go back to work, or until the policy’s “benefit period” expires.

Some of the terminology used in this hypothetical example is defined further below.

Typically, there is an age or time cut-off stipulated in policies, after which claims cannot be made and new policies cannot be taken out (for example, at age 65).

Types of income protection insurance policies and key terms

There is one type of income protection insurance policy available for purchase:

  • Indemnity-value policy – Provides cover up to an agreed percentage of the policyholder’s salary, which could change over time.

Prior to industry reforms in 2020, there was a second type of policy sold by insurers, but that is no longer available for new policies:

  • Agreed-value policy – Provides cover up to an agreed amount of money that’s decided at the time of taking out the policy.

There are generally two main ways you can choose to structure your income protection premium payments:

  • Stepped premiums can be “stepped” up or down by the insurer over the length of the policy, usually increasing each year in line with a policy renewal or age increase
  • Level premiums are not linked to age or policy renewal timeframes, but may still increase over time due to other factors such as increases by the provider to factor in variables such as inflation.

There are a few more key terms that could help when it comes to considering this type of insurance:

  • The sum insured amount, or “benefit”: This is the amount of money that would be paid to you when you claim, providing your circumstances meet the policy conditions. For indemnity-value policies, it is often expressed as a percentage of your income (generally up to 75%, but this can vary depending on your policy) which is capped at a certain amount per month. The higher your sum insured amount, the more expensive your premiums over the life of the policy will usually be. The benefit you receive could be reduced if you are able to generate income in other ways, such as working part-time, receiving payouts from other insurance policies or receiving sick-leave payments.
  • Benefit period: The maximum length of time for which you may receive monthly payments from your insurer if you are sick or injured to the point where you can’t work. A policy is typically more expensive with a longer benefit period.
  • Waiting period: For income protection insurance, a “waiting period” means the number of days you need to be off work after an accident or illness before you may be eligible to start receiving monthly payments from your insurer. When taking out a policy, some insurers could allow you to choose the length of your waiting period, with most waiting periods ranging between two weeks and two years. A policy is typically more expensive with a shorter waiting period.
  • Partial disability benefit cover: Some insurers offer a partial disability benefit as an optional extra, which covers you if you return to work but at a reduced capacity (e.g. part-time). This means if you have been off work due to sickness or injury and you then return to partial work duties, you could receive a reduced monthly benefit until your benefit period ends or you return to work completely (whichever happens first).
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Why have income protection insurance?

Income protection insurance is a specific type of insurance policy that could help you cover your living expenses, such as bills and loan repayments, if your income was affected by a prolonged illness or injury. This could help you to meet your financial commitments until you are well enough to return to work and start earning your regular income again.

Other types of insurance, such as life insurance or total and permanent disability insurance, could require that a person is either diagnosed with a terminal illness or that they will never be well enough to return to their occupation, or to work of any kind.

In addition, income protection insurance payments can be used to help cover any living expense you choose. This is different to the types of insurance that place restrictions on how a person is able to use the funds, such as Mortgage Protection Insurance, which can only be used on mortgage repayments.

The Australian Government’s Moneysmart website says income protection insurance could be important if you:

  • are not covered by an employment arrangement that gives you sick leave or annual leave, such as if you’re a contract worker, business owner or casual employee
  • are a main source of income for your family
  • have debts that need to be paid no matter if you have an income or not, such as a home loan.

It’s important to note that some insurers do require applicants to provide medical and lifestyle information before deciding if they’re eligible for cover and what their premium costs will be.

What does income protection insurance cover?

Income protection insurance covers you if you suffer an illness, injury or disability that results in you not being able to work at the same level as before. Typically, the cover applies to temporary ailments, or where you are expected to be able to return to work in some manner.

Examples of hypothetical scenarios where this type of cover could apply include:

  • when a policyholder has surgery that requires a lengthy recovery period, during which time they cannot work
  • when someone is being treated for cancer and cannot work to their full capacity until they recover
  • when someone is injured on a sporting field on the weekend and has to take time off to heal.

It could be a wise idea to read insurance policies carefully to make sure you understand the cover before signing on, and seek professional advice if necessary.

What does income protection insurance not cover?

There could be some exclusions to income protection insurance coverage that you might not expect. These could mean that a payout is not made. It could be a good idea to read the Product Disclosure Statement (PDS) and other policy documents carefully to make sure you are familiar with what is and isn’t covered in a policy.

For example, some insurers’ income protection insurance policies say they might not pay a benefit if the illness or injury is:

  • minor enough that the person claiming could reasonably be expected to work
  • caused by self harm
  • as a result of war, civil unrest
  • suffered by someone while serving in the armed forces
  • due to a normal pregnancy or childbirth
  • due to a pre-existing condition excluded under the policy.

How much income protection insurance do I need?

To work out how much cover you may need, such as the benefit paid and the duration of time you could need it to be paid, it could be a good idea to:

  • make a household budget
  • consider your savings buffer, or how long you could continue to maintain your lifestyle, pay bills and service debts without your full income before experiencing financial stress
  • calculate the ongoing costs of a policy’s premiums, to work out if you can afford them in the long run.

If your policy is provided by your superannuation fund, it may also be prudent to consider the impact premium deductions could have on your super balance at retirement.

Being armed with this information could help you to estimate what type of cover you could need.

Does income protection insurance cover loss of a job?

No, most income protection insurance policies do not cover you by default if you lose your job, such as through an involuntary redundancy or if your employer were to go out of business.

Insurance for these sorts of circumstances is known as “redundancy cover” and may be available as an optional extra on some income protection policies.

→ Related article: What is redundancy insurance and who offers it?

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How do you buy income protection insurance?

There are a number of ways to access income protection insurance:

  • Direct income protection insurance
  • Advised income protection insurance
  • Income protection insurance in super

What is direct income protection insurance?

Direct income protection insurance is when you buy a policy directly from an insurer. Canstar compares a range of direct income protection policies and providers in its Star Ratings and Award research.

What is advised income protection insurance?

Advised income protection insurance is when you buy a policy through a financial advisor, broker or other type of financial service.

What is income protection insurance in super?

Some superannuation funds offer the opportunity for you to take out an income protection policy provided by the fund. This can either be automatic cover – where a fund member working in a dangerous job or aged 25 or older is granted cover by default upon joining or meeting certain criteria (such as having a minimum balance of $6,000) – or as an extra “add-on” expense.

Either way, the premiums are typically deducted from your superannuation balance. The fund may also offer other types of insurance through super, such as life insurance.

When comparing superannuation funds, or checking your existing superannuation fund arrangements, it could be a good idea to find out if you have this type of cover, and to work out its costs and impact on your super balance, before considering another type of income protection insurance.

How much does income protection insurance cost?

Income protection insurance premiums – how much you’re charged each month or year to maintain your cover – can vary widely.

This is because your premium is typically calculated according to your age, income and job type, as well as the size and payment timeframe of the benefit and other variables as determined by the company providing the insurance cover.

For this reason, it could be wise for you to obtain a few quotes before deciding on which policy to buy, to enable you to compare how much the premiums will cost you and how much money you may receive if you made a claim.

You could use Canstar’s comparison selector (at the top of this page) to compare income protection insurance policy providers generally, exploring variables such as potential maximum monthly benefit and how long that benefit would be paid, as well as if a waiting period is required and if it is possible to apply online for a policy.

Income Protection Insurance FAQs

Can income protection insurance premiums be claimed on tax in Australia?

Sometimes. Whether or not income protection insurance premiums can be claimed as a tax deduction depends on the type of insurance policy, according to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO).

No: The ATO says if the policy is provided by your superannuation fund, and the premium is deducted from your super contributions, you cannot claim it as a tax deduction.

Yes: According to the ATO, it is possible to claim income protection insurance premiums (for cover provided outside a super fund) if they represent “insurance against the loss of your employment income”.

It could be a good idea to seek independent qualified professional advice when it comes to tax.

Are income protection insurance payouts taxable?

Yes. The ATO says you must include any payment you receive under an income protection policy in your tax return.

Again, it could be a good idea to seek independent qualified professional advice when it comes to tax.

Does income protection insurance cover mental health claims?

Most income protection insurance policies stipulate cover for illness or injuries that result in a temporary reduction in your capacity to work, but it may be more difficult to obtain cover or have a claim approved for a mental health issue than a physical one, depending on your circumstances.

Applications for cover are generally considered on a case by case basis.

When applying for any new income protection insurance, the government’s Moneysmart website says you may be asked about any health conditions, past and present, which could include any mental health conditions. A potential provider may then impose some conditions or exclusions to your policy cover.

You must answer these questions honestly as failure to do so could see any future claim denied.

It could be worth checking with various providers regarding their policies on mental health before committing.

Income protection insurance vs life insurance: What’s the difference?

Income protection insurance covers you for different events than life insurance.

Life insurance is a type of insurance policy designed to provide a lump sum payment to your beneficiaries when you die or are diagnosed with a terminal illness expected to result in death within 12 months.

Income protection covers you for risks that are not permanent, such as being unable to work for a period of time because of illness or injury. Income protection cover also usually consists of several regular payments over a set period of time, rather than a one-off lump sum like life insurance.

Income protection insurance vs total and permanent disability (TPD) insurance or trauma insurance: What’s the difference?

Income protection insurance covers you for different events than TPD or trauma insurance. TPD insurance pays a lump sum of money if you were to become disabled and were unable to ever work again, either in your current job or in any occupation, depending on the insurer.

Trauma insurance (also known as critical illness insurance or recovery insurance) pays a lump sum if you suffer a significant injury or illness such as cancer, a heart condition or a major head injury.

Income protection insurance vs Workers’ Compensation: How does that work?

Workers’ compensation is a government-mandated insurance product that every employer in Australia is required to have. It is designed to provide financial assistance for employees who are injured or become sick while at work.

Each state and territory manages the scheme separately for its residents and they go by many different names.

Some income protection insurers will consider any income you receive – which could include payments via workers compensation – when considering how much money they will pay as a benefit after you make a claim.

If you are injured at work, it could be a wise idea to talk to your insurer and your local workers’ compensation organisation before making a claim.

Income protection insurance vs mortgage protection insurance: Are they different?

As a home buyer you can take out mortgage protection insurance if you are taking out a home loan from a financial institution. It provides cover – paid to the bank offering the loan – if you cannot afford to repay the loan, due to financial hardship, for example.

Income protection insurance could also provide financial assistance to you if the reason for your financial difficulties is due to loss of income as a result of a temporary illness or injury.

But whereas mortgage protection insurance benefits can only be used to pay back the home loan, there are no such restrictions on benefits paid out from income protection insurance claims.

Latest in income protection insurance

Author: Nina Rinella

Author Nina Tovey

As Canstar’s Editor-in-Chief, Nina heads up a team of talented journalists committed to helping empower consumers to take greater control of their finances. Previously Nina founded her own agency where she provided content and communications support to clients around Australia for eight years. She also spent four years as the PR Manager for American Express Australia, and has worked at a Brisbane communications agency where she supported dozens of clients, including Sunsuper and Suncorp.

Nina has ghostwritten dozens of opinion pieces for publications including The Australian and has been interviewed on finance topics by the Herald Sun and the Sydney Morning Herald. When she’s not dreaming up ways to put a fresh spin on finance, she’s taking her own advice by trying to pay her house off as quickly as possible and raising two money-savvy kids.

Nina has a Bachelor of Journalism and a Bachelor of Arts with a double major in English Literature from the University of Queensland. She’s also an experienced presenter, and has hosted numerous events and YouTube series.

You can follow her on Instagram or Twitter, or Canstar on Facebook.


This content was reviewed by our Deputy Editor Sean Callery and Sub Editor Tom Letts before it was published as part of our fact-checking process. You can also read more about Canstar’s editorial team.

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From 5 October 2021, TMDs are compulsory for most financial products.

Issuers and distributors of financial products must take reasonable steps that are likely to result in financial products reaching consumers in the target market defined by the product issuer.

We recommend that you consider the TMD before making a purchase decision. Contact the product issuer directly for a copy of the TMD.

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